Fuel injector



July 3 1951 1 w. H. MAsHlNTl-:R' 2,559,364

FUEL. INJECTOR Filed June 24, 1944 I 5 Sheets-Sheet l Kun July 3, 1951w. H. MASHINTER 2,559,364

FUEL INJECTOR Filed June 24, 1944 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 July 3, 1951 w. H.MASI-HNTl-:Ry 2,559,364

FUEL INJECTOR -l INVENTOR.

5 Sheets-Sheet 4 W. H. MASHINTER FUEL INJECTOR JGZ July 3, 195] FiledJ'une 24, 1944 July 3, 195] W.

Filed June 24, 1944 H. MASHINTER FUEL INJECTOR 5 SheeLs-Shee'cI 5 Jaa556' may if M* @g Patented July 3, 1951 UNITED STATES PATENT oEFicE FUELINJECTOR William H. Mashinter, Chicago, Ill.

Application June 24, 1944, Serial No. 541,969

21 Claims. (Cl. 299-1072) This invention pertains to pump mechanism,injector mechanism or atomizing mechanism adapted to either supply solidliquid or spray with engines of the high-speedy type, employing lightergrades of fuel such as gasoline.

Another object is to provide a fuel injector so organized as to producea fully developed readily combustible fuel spray within the very minuteinterval of time available at high operating speeds.

Another object is to provide an improved bellows type of pump capable ofwithstanding high pressures over long periods of use.

Another object of the invention is to provide a mixture ratio controlmechanism for injectors.

Another object of the invention is to provide automatic enrichingmechanism and automatic leaning mechanism for injectors.

Another object is to provide a pump having a pressure responsivedischarge valve so arranged as to be mechanically operated in the eventof failure in pump pressure.

Another object of the invention is to provide a readily controllableinjector adapted to s'upply selected quantities of uid, as fuel, to thecylinder of an engine, and wherein means is provided to eliminate air orgas from the fluid prior to injection.

Another object is to provide injecting means for supplying fuel to aninternal combustionl engine which may be used with manifold or separatecylinder injection and wherein the fuel is introduced in properlyatomized condition over the entire range of operation of the engine, i.e.,

regardless of the operating speed of the engine.\

Another object is to provide injecting means wherein the amount of fluidsupplied therefrom is controlled by the pressure of the fluid deliveredto the injecting means.

Another object is to provide injector or pump mechanism for supplyingfuel to a cylinder of an internal combustion engine which may be adaptedto be driven by a cam shaft of the engine or by means operable from anadjacent cylinder.

Another object of the invention is to provide a fuel injector adaptedparticularly for use with engines of a high speed type, whetheroperating on heavy, intermediate, or light grade fuels.

Another object of the invention is to provide an injector so constructedand arranged that it is not dependent upon'any particular shape ofactuating cam, but shapes of cams may be resorted to as desired, toobtain a suitable variation of injector output with variations ininjector speed of operation (engine speed). v

Another object of the invention is to provide an injector so constructedand arranged that under certain conditions of operation it does not neednor is it dependent upon a separate pump for supplying fuel thereto.

Another object of the invention is to provide an injector so constructedthat it will operate over a large range of supply pressures.

Another object of the invention is to provide an injector wherein theusual mechanical throttle may be eliminated.

Anotherobject of the invention is to provide a fuel injector soconstructed and arranged that a complete degree of load-speed control ishad by virtue of four independent controls over the amount of fuelemitted per injection, that is, (1) mechanical throttle, (2) variablesupply pressure, (3) speed of injection operation and (4) manifoldpressure. f

Another object of the invention is to provide an injector using acontrolled balanced diaphragm form of pump means for injectionoperation.

Another object is to provide a fuel injector capable of effecting a moreaccurate control of A the quantity of fuel injected throughout theentire range of engine speeds and loads.

With these and various other objects in view, the invention may consistof certainnovel features of construction and operation as will be morefully described and particularly pointed out in the specification,drawings and claims appended hereto.

In the drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the device and whereinlike reference characters are used to designate like parts- Figure 1 isa longitudinal sectional elevation of one form of fuel injectorembodying the invention;

Figure 2 is a transverse sectional view taken substantially in the planeas indicated by the line 2-2 of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a modified form ofinjector embodying 'the invention;

Figure 4 is a fragmentary, longitudinal sectional elevation of amodified form of injector nozzle assembly embodying the invention@ ,v

Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectionalelevation of a modified form ofinjector embodying the invention showing the operating means from anadjacent cylinder for the injector;

Figure 6 is a sectional elevation of a modied form of nozzle assemblyfor the injector shown in Figure 5;

Figure 7 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a modified form ofinjector embodying the invention wherein a balanced diaphragm is used;

Figure 8 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a modified formofinjector embodying the invention wherein a balanced diaphragm is used,but wherein the injection valve assembly is remotely disposed withrespect to the pump;

Figure 9 is a fragmentary sectional elevation of a modified form ofnozzle assembly for the pump illustrated in Figures 8 or 10\ beingparticularly adapted for manifold injection;

Figure 10 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a modified form ofinjector embodying the invention but wherein the injection valveassembly is remotely disposed with respect to the pump;

Figure ll is a diagrammatic sectional elevation showing the arrangementof injector and air inlet control for an internal combustion enginecylinder;

Figure 12 is a diagrammatic elevation showing means for operating thecontrol mechanism ofV an injector together with adjusting means for theinitial position thereof; and

Figure 13 is a fragmentary sectional elevation of an automatic controldevice adapted to be used with the mechanism illustrated in Figure l2,replacing the manual adjustment whereby automatic enriching or leaningof the mixture is attained during operation of an engine.

Referring first of all to the fuel injector illustrated in Figures l and2, said injector comprises a rigid barrel, housing or casing 20 having apump or housing chamber 22 therein. One end of the pump chamber isprovided with a closure or nozzle assembly 24 screwed into the barreland fashioned to provide a spray nozzle to be later described. Theopposite end of the barrel is provided with a plug or top seal 26pressed into sealing contact with a tapered shoulder 28 provided withinthe barrel. The plug 26 is forced against the shoulder 28 by a bushing30 screwed into an enlarged extension 32 of the barrel and locked inplace by appropriate means such as a nut 34 threaded thereon. y

The barrel 20 contains a pump impeller preferably in the form of alongitudinally extensible plaited metallic bellows of Sylphon 36extending lengthwise of and within the chamber 22. The bellows is formedpreferably of resilient metal or other material of high tensile strengthcapable of sustaining the hydraulic pressures and the flexing movementsto which it is subjected. The bellows is shown suspended from a boss 38that projects from the inner end of the plug 26 and to which the upperend 40 of the bellows is permanently attached by welding or otherwise toseal the same against leakage. The lower end of the bellows is sealed byan end head or lower seal 42 similarly attached thereto.

A push rod 44, extending through and guided in the plug 26, constitutesa. simple and convenient actuator for the impeller. In this instance theinner end of the push rod 44 rests loosely against the end head 42 ofthe bellows while the outer end loosely 'engages a thrust transmittingblock or aligning tab 46 guided in the inner end of the hollow bushing38.

A stop bushing 48 screwed into the bushing 36 co-acts with the thrustblock 46 to limit the outer or return stroke of the push rod 44 andimpeller. The bushing 48 also serves as a guide for anappropriatereciprocating or lower tappet 50 by which the push rod 44 is actuatedthrough the thrust block 46. The tappet 58 is shown lengthwiseadjustable and for that purpose is provided with an adjustable extensionin the form of a screw or upper cam tappet 52 threaded into the outerend thereof and secured in any position of adjustment by a lock nut 54.The cam tappet is provided with an end head 56 positioned to co-act'withan appropriate actuating cam or eccentric 58.

The stroke of the push rod 44 and consequently of the impeller 36isaccurately'regulated by axial adjustment of the stop bushing 48 withinthe stationary bushing 36. In this connection it will be noted that whenthe stop bushing 48 is fully retracted to a position where it will notlimit the return stroke of the rod 44, the operating stroke of the rodand impeller corresponds to the throw of the cam 58, but by advancingthe stop bushing 48, the return stroke of the rod and impeller may bearrested at any point desired. When thus limited, the stroke of theimpeller corresponds to only a fractional part of the throw of the cam58. Axial adjustment of the stop bushing 48 is effected by rotating thesame within the bushing 36 and for that purpose any appropriate meanssuch as a lever 60 is provided adjustably xed to the bushing 48 by a setscrew 62.

The spray nozzle assembly 24 is provided with an outwardly flaringdischarge orifice 64 controlled preferably by an outwardly opening,spring loaded valve 66 of conical form adapted to seat within the orice.In this instance the valve 66 is yieldably held to its seat by acompression spring 68 arranged beneath a washer 10 carried by the valvestem 12. The stem 12 is guided in a channel 'I4 leading from a dischargeor nozzle chamber 16 within the nozzle assembly to the orifice 64. Thatportion of the stem 12 adjacent the valve is reduced to form an annulardistributing chamber 18 adjacent the orifice 64, and channels 80 formedin the sides of the stem provide communication between the chambers 18and 16.

The inner end of the nozzle chamber 16 is preferably provided with ahollow plug or delivery or l,check valve housing 82, having an outwardlyopening delivery or check valve 84 therein urged toward closed positionby a compression spring 86 seated at one end on the valve 84 and at theother end on the hollow plug 88. The housing 82 also provides supportfor the compression spring 90 which reacts on head 42 of the impeller Q6to aid in effecting a prompt return stroke thereof.

The pump chamber 22 and nozzle chamber 16 are maintained flooded with asolid body of liquid fuel supplied under moderate pressure from anyappropriate source through van appropriate fitting 92 equipped with aninwardly opening spring loaded check valve 94.

Provision is preferably made for effecting a circulation of liquid fuelthrough the pump chamber 22 in a manner to rid the same of objectionablebubbles of air that sometimes enter with the occur therein as a resultof the temperatures to which the injector is subjected under someconditions of use. For this purpose a discharge duct 96 is provided atthe upper or outer end of the pump chamber in plug 26. 'Ihis duct 96 isnormally closed by a valve 98 which, when opened, will permit the liquidfuel to flow upwardly through the chamber 22 and through duct 96 to anappropriate drain pipe |00 carried by the plug 26.

In this instance the valve 98 is shown carried by a hexagonal housing|02 guided for vertical movement lengthwise of the chamber 22 by thecylindrical bore of said chamber. The interior of the housing |02 iscircular to accommodate the circular bellows 36. A compression spring|04 reacts against the lower flanged end |06 ofthe housing |02 toyieldably sustain the same in its upper position with the valve 98closed, one end of said spring being seated on the flanged end |06 andthe other end on the seat |08 provided irnthe nozzle assembly 24. Theend flange |06 of the housing is positioned to be engaged and depressedby the head 42 of 'the bellows when the latter is extended apredetermined amount.

Under some conditions of operation it is desirable to effect automaticopening of the valve 98 at the end of each pressure stroke of thebellows, so as to effect an intermittent flow of liquid fuel throughthepump chamber, not only for the purpose of ridding the chamber ofobjectionable air or other gases, but also to cool the chamber andthereby avoid the generation of., gaseous vapors that might otherwisedevelop. This may be accomplished by adjusting the screw section 52 ofthe tappet in such manner as to advance the stroke range of the bellowsto a point where the head 42 will strike and depress the flanged end |06of the housing |02 at the end of each pressure stroke. This, of course,results in an intermittent momentary release of liquid fuel from thepump chamber through the duct 96 to the source of supply or otherreceiver. the escaping fuel being replenished through the supply fitting92.

Under other conditions of operation which do not require this automaticdischarge and circulation of fuel, the screw section 52 of the tappetmay be so set as to terminate the stroke of the impeller head 42 shortof the end |06 of the housing |02. Under these conditions the valve 98may be opened only as occasion may demand. For instance, when initiallyfilling the pump chamber with liquid fuel it becomes necessary to expelthe air originally contained therein. For this purpose the head 42 ofthe bellows may be advanced sufficiently to engage and depress the end|06 of the housing |02 and to thus open the valve 98, by advancing thestop bushing 48, this advance being transmitted to the head 42 throughthe tab 46 and rod 44.

The fuel injector shown is intended for direct application to an enginecylinder and, when so arranged, it is subjected to temperatures whichtend to vaporize the fuel in the nozzle chamber 16. The primary purposeof the check valve 84 is to prevent any admission of gases, thusgenerated, from the nozzle chamber into the pump chamber 22.

It will be noted that by the use of a sealed impeller 36 of thecharacter above described,y the solid body of liquid fuel within thepump chamber 22 is effectively confined against leakage, so that theinitial effect of each working stroke of the impeller against this solidbody of liquid is to produce an abrupt explosive-like pressure rise of amagnitude suilicient to induce an immediate discharge of fuel throughthe adjacent nozzle assembly 24. It will, of course, be understood thatthis discharge is resisted by the spring loaded valve 66 which alsoreacts on the issuing fuel to atomize the same. The suddenness of thepressure rise and the close proximity of the spray nozzle to the pointof application of the pressure thus combine to produce al fullydeveloped, readily combustible fuel spray with a promptness orsuddenness not otherwise possible. The fuel injector shown is thereforeespecially adapted for use with high-speed engines wherein the timeavailable for each injection is necessarily very minute.

It will be further noted that the amount of fuel injected by'each strokeof the impeller is very accurately controlled. This is due not alone toVthe use of a sealed impeller by which leakage is avoided, but also bythe fact that the stroke of the impeller is accurately controlled. 'Asabove noted, the adjustable bushing 48 constitutes a positive stop fordefinitely limiting the return stroke of the impeller and therebyaccurately determining the point at which each working stroke begins. Ashereinabove noted, this bushing may be readily adjusted to regulate thelength of stroke, and organized in the manner shown, it will remainindefinitely in any position to which it has been set. Moreover, therelatively narrow form of the impeller facilitates accurate control or"the amount of fuel injected.

Also it will be noted that with the bellows 36 arranged in the mannerabove described, the

' pressures developed in the pump chamber 22 react against the externa-lsurfaces of the bellows and, thus applied, are readily sustainedthereby. Also, since those pressures are developed by longitudinalextension rather than compression of the bellows, there is no tendencyfor the bellows to bow or buckle.

Referring now to the modication illustratd in Figure 3, the injectorcomprises a rigid housing or casing ||0 s:cured to the injection valvehousing ||2 as by the threads ||4, the injection valve housing 2 beingsecured to the nozzle body ||6 as by the threads ||8. Seals ||5 and aredisposed between the casing and housing and the housing and body,respectively. The nozzle body |||6 is provided with the valve seat |20on which the nomle valve |22 is adapted to seat, the shape of the valveand seat being such as to cause a spraying action of the ejected liquidwhen the device is in operation.

vThe val-ve |22 is provided with the stem |24 of smaller diameter thanthe stem bore |26, the bore |26 being in communication with the bore |28provided in the nozzle body and communicating with the discharge chamber|30 provided in the housing ||2. The stem |24 is provided with an upperportion |32 slidably received in the guide |34 disposed in the nozzlebody, the upper end of the stem |32 being provided with the spring seator washer |36 fastened to the stem as at |38, the spring |40 urging thevalve toward closed position, seating at one end on the seat |36 and atthe other end on the seat |42 provided on the body I6.

The casing ||0 is provided with the boss |44 adapted to receive thecheck valve fitting |46, said fitting being connected to a suitablesource of supply, the tting having the seat |48 for accommodating theball valve |50 seating toward the source of supply. The valve |50 isurged toward closed position by means of the spring |52 7 seated at oneend on the ball valve |50 and at the other end on the bushing |54. Thecheck valve communicates -with the housing chamber |56 formed in thecasing l0.

The tripod base |58 is disposed within said chamber providing a seat forthe upper end of spring |60, the lower end of said spring being seatedon the retainer |62, said spring urging the tripod upwardly.. The tripodincludes guide members |64, preferably two in number, suitably fguidedlin the upper portion of chamber |56, the

third leg of the tripod being formed by the valve stem |66 of valve |68.The legs of the tripod thus formed are preferably 120 apart. The lowerend of spring also seats on the retainer |62, the upper end being seatedon the lower seal |12 of the bellows or Sylphon |14,'the upper end ofsaid Sylphon being sealed by the upper seal |16.

The seal |16 is suitably secured as by the threads |18 to the guide orvalve block |80, a washer or other sealing means |8| being providedtherebetween and said block |80 is provided with a guide portion |82 forthe bellows actuating rod |84. The block |80 is provided with the valveseat |86 for the valve |68, the valve thus controlling the passage |88communicating with the chamber |90 formed in the end head |92 above theblock |80, the end head being secured as by the threads |94 to thecasing ||0 and 9, suitable seal |95 being provided between the head |92and the block |80 and casing ||0.

The chamber |90 is connected back to the source of supply or otherreceiving means through connections not shown, threads |96 beingprovided for a connecting tting for this purpose. The lower end of therod |84 is adapted to engage the lower seal |12 for actuating thebellows |14, the upper end of said rod contacting the aligning tab |98mounted for reciprocation above the block |80 and within the sleeve 200.

The sleeve 200 is secured to the end head |92 as by threads 202 and islocked in position by means of the lock nut 204 and sealing means 205 isinterposed between sleeve 200 and block |80. The sleeve is internallythreaded as at 206 for receiving complementary threads of the throttlescrew 208. Reciprocatory movement of the throttle screw 208 determinesthe movement of the rod |84 and consequently controls movement of thebellows |14. The throttle screw is secured as by screws 2|0 to the gear2|2 adapted to be rotated by means of the rack 2|4 whereby the positionof the throttle screw 208 is controlled. A reiprocatory operating rod2|6, which is reciprocated uniformly by the operating means` .such asthe cam not shown, is adapted to impart movement to the aligning tab |98and consequently the bellows.

In operation of this device, assuming the chambers |56 and |30 to belled with fuel, when the rod 2|6 is depressed by the operating cam orother means, the bellows |14 is extended, causing fluid pressure to openthe valve |22 and iniect a measured quantity of` fuel. Dwnward movementof the seal |12 will cause said seal to engage the tripod base |58 toopen the valve |68 to permit the escape of vapor or the circulation ofliquid back to the source or other receiving means.

Under certain conditions it may be desired that the valve |68 shall notoperate upon every stroke. Under these conditions enough clearance ismaintained between the seal |12 and the base |58 normally to preventcontact therebetween.

When. however, it is desired to open the valve |68, the positionof thethrottle screw 208 is varied so that the valve |68 is opened, and inthis case, the plunger 2|6 is not effective to cause a pumping actuationof the Sylphon. The clearance between seal |12 and the upper end of thevalve stem |32 may be such that unless the valve |22 is opened by thefuel pressure the seal |12 will engage the upper part of said stem toinitiate opening of said valve. Thus where the injector is in ahorizontal or inverted position to that shown in Figure 3, air ventingis insured.

In the construction illustrated in Figure 4 a nozzle assembly 2|8 isillustrated which may be substituted for that shown in Figure 1. In thiscase the parts which are similar are similarly numbered, but the checkvalve housing 82 is omitted and a lter 220 is disposed on seat 222disposed above the valve stem 12. The filter is provided with the springseat 224 for the lower end of spring 90, and the spring seat 224 isprovided with the aperture 226 extending therethrough. The upper end ofthe spring is seated as has already been described.

Nozzle assembly 2| 8 is provided with spring seat |08 (as in Figure 1)"fr" the lower end of spring |04, the upper end being seated as hasalready been described.

The operation of this form of nozzle as applied to the form illustratedin Figure 1 is similar to the nozze operation described with respect toFigure l with *he exception, however, that the check valve 84 iseliminated. With this form of device the use is more adapted to manifoldinfection as distinguished from direct cylinder injection, which iscontemplated in the case of the device illustrated in Figure 1.

In the construction illustrated inv Figure 5 the casing 228 is securedas by threads 230 to the nozzle assembly 232 being sealed by the seal234, the nozzle of assembly 232 being adapted particularly for manifoldinjection while the nozzle to be described with respect to lligure 6 ismore particularly adapted for direct cylinder injection.

The nozzle assembly 232 is provided with the orifice 236 communicatingwith the chamber 238 and said nozzle is secured to the check valvehousing 240 as by the threads 242. The check valve 244 is urged upwardlytoward closed position by means of the spring 246 seated at its lowerend on the fitting 248 and its upper end on the valve 244. The valvecloses the bore or passage 249 communicating with the chamber 250disposed in the casing 228. The inlet fitting 252 is secured to the boss254 and communicates with a source of fuel supply. The fitting 252 isprovided with the spring loaded checkvalve 256 closing towards thesource of supply.

The chamber 250 is cylindrical and within the said chamber the hexhousing 258 is reciprocably mounted, being provided with the flange 260providing a spring seat for the upper end of the spring 262, the lowerend of said spring seating on the nozzle assembly 232. The housing 256is provided with the valve 264 adapted to control the outlet 266provided in the upper end closure or block 268, the outlet 266communicating through fitting 210 with the source of liquid supply orother liquid receiving means.

The closure 268 is maintained in tight engagement and in closingcondition with respect to casing 228 by means of complementary shoulders212, said shoulders being held in sealing contact by means of the locknut 214. The closure 268 has threaded engagement as at 218 with thecomplementary threads of the throttle screw 218, the position of saidscrew being controlled by the lever 280 connected with suitable throttlemeans. The position of screw 218 determines the position of the slidablerod 282 extending through the closure 268 and engaging the seal 284 ofthe inner Sylphon or bellows 286, the upper end of said belows beingsealed as at 288 to a suitable depending flange provided on the closure268. The closure 268 is also provided with an outer depending flange towhich the upper end of the outer Sylphon or bellows 290 is sealinglysecured as at 292. The lower end of said Sylphon 290 is closed by meansof the lower seal 294, a spring 296 being interposed between the seal294 and the housing 240. The closure 268 is provided with the bore 298in communication with the inside of the Sylphon 290, the bore 298 beingin communication with the tting 300 connected through the pipe 302 to anactuating device 304 adapted to be connected to an adjacent cylinder306.

The device 304 comprises the lower housing member 308 secured as at 3I0to the upper housing member 3|2, the upper housing member being providedwith the vent 3|4 and the adjusting screw 3 l 6 controlling the spring3| 8 seated at one end on the adjusting screw and at the other end onthe diaphragm 32 0. The lower housing member 308 is threaded into acylinder 306 in the manner shown.

The diaphragm 320 is provided with the valve stem 322 having the valve324 thereon adapted to close the valve seat 326 of the lower housing308. The position of the diaphragm 320 may be adjusted by operation ofthe adjusting screw 3l6 controlling the spring 3l8 so that the valve 324is normally unseated from the valve seat 326 in the absence of pressurein the cylinder 306. The chamber formed in the lower housing below thediaphragm 320 is connected through the fitting 328 to the pipe 302. Itwill, of course, be understood that the pipe 302 may be provided with areservoir whereby liquid is maintained -within the bellows 290 and actedupon by the cylinder pressure from cylinder 306.

Thus operation of said cylinder introducing pressure to the lowerhousing 308 causes the pressure to be communicated to the'inside of theSylphon 290, extending said Sylphon to causev liquid within the chamber250 to be injected past the valve 244 and through the orice 236.Downward movement of the seal 294 may cause opening of the valve 264, orthe device may be arranged so that said valve will not open unless thevthrottle screw 218 is operated to extend the seal 284 suiliciently tocause seal 294 to open said valve. When pressure is built upsufliciently in the chamber formed in the housing 308, the diaphragm 320will cause the valve 324 to be closed and thereafter on the suctionstroke the pressure within the Sylphon 290 will be reduced to permittheSylphon and the spring 296 to return the Sylphon to inoperativeposition where it is ready for the next cycle of operation.

If it is desired to use a construction similar to that shown in Figure 5for direct injection as distinguished from manifold injection, nozzleassemblyr 232 may be replaced by the nozzle assembly 330 (Figure 6).Said assembly 330 is provided with threads 332 adapted to secure saidassembly to the casing 228. The assembly is provided with a recess 334.Within the recess the valve seat 336 is disposed for the valve 338. Thusthe recess protects the valve and valve seat from the flame front duringthe combustion stroke.

The valve 338 is similar to valve 66 (Figure 1),

the stem 340 being provided with the spring seat 342 upon which isseated the upper end o1' spring 344, the lower end thereof being seatedon the seat 346. The assembly 330 is likewise provided with the checkvalveI housing 240 (see alsoFigure 5 secured thereto as by the threads242, the spring pressed check valve 244 operating in a manner similar tothat illustrated in Figure 5, it being understood that the fuel pressurecauses opening on the valve 338.

In the construction illustrated in Figure .'7 a form of injector isshown utilizing a balanced diaphragm construction wherein substantiallyall stresses of the operating diaphragm are relieved. In thisconstruction the casing 348 is provided with the nozzle valve assembly350 secured thereto as by the threads 352, a suitable seal 354 beingprovided therebetween.

The nozzle assembly 350 comprises the orifice having valve seat 356 forthe valve 358, said valve being similar to valve 66 (Figure 1). Valve358 is provided with the stem 360 similar to the stem 12 and the upperend of the stem is provided with the spring seat 362 for the upper endof springV 364, the lower end of said spring being seated on seat 366 ofassembly 350. 'I'he bore of assembly 350 provides a guide for the valveand communicates with the discharge chamber 368, and said assembly 350is secured as at 310 to the check valve housing 312. Said check valvehousing is provided with the spring loaded check valve 314 closingupwardly, tending to cut off connection between chamber 368 and housingchamber 316 provided in the casing 348. The chamber 316 is adapted to besupplied with fuel, or other liquid to be injected, through the checkvalve housing or fitting 318 connected to asuitable source of supply, aspring loaded check valve 380 seating toward said source. The upper endclosure 382 is sealed on seat 384 of the casing 348 and held in sealedposition by means of the end head 386 threaded or otherwise secured tothe casing 348 as at 38,8.

The end head 386 is internally threaded as at 390 for the reception ofcomplementary threads of the throttle screw 392, the throttle screwbeing reciprocated by means of the lever 394 secured thereto as at 396.The tappet 398 is adapted to reciprocate within the throttle screw 392,being actuated by suitable means such as a cam, movement of the-throttlescrew causing movement of the aligning tab 400, the position of thealigning tab being allected by means of the throttle screw 392. Thealigning tab 400 is adapted to reciprocate the plunger or rod 402 whichis urged upwardly or towards said tab by means of the spring 404. Theupper end of said spring seats on the spring seat formed by the head 406and the lower end of the spring seats on a seat formed in the recess 408in the upper part of the closure 382.

The closure 382 is provided with a guide and stop extension 4|0extending downwardly, guiding rod 402 and forming a stop for the upwardmovement of the end seal 4l2 whch'seals the lower end of the bellows4|4, the upper end of the bellows being sealed as at 4| 6 to the endclosure 382. The inside of the bellows 4I4 communicates with the bore4|8 which in turn communicates with the check valve -tting 420 connectedto a source of pressure supply, such as oil pressure, in the case of aninjector used with an internal combustion engine. The check valvefitting has a spring loaded check valve 422 seated towards the source ofpressure. Thus it will be seen that a predetermined pressure is alwaysll maintained within the Sylphon by the oil or other pressure connectedto fitting 420, while a similar pressure is impressed upon the outsideof said Sylphon bythe fuel supplied from the source of supply throughtting 818.

The bellows 4I4 and end seal 412 are urged upwardly by means of thespring 424 seated at its upper end on the seal 4I2 and at its lower endon the housing 312. The chamber 316 is cylindrical and within saidcylindricalchamber there is mounted a hex housing 426 provided with -theiiange 428 adapted to be engaged by the seal 4|2 in its downwardmovement to move said housing 426 downwardly against the spring 430. Theupper end of said spring 430 engages said housing 426 and the lower endof said'spring engages the assembly 350, whereby the spring urges thehousing upwardly, the housing being provided with valve 432 adapted inits uppermost position to close the bore 434 communicating with tting436 which is adapted to be connected to the source of liquid supply orother receiving means.

" In the construction shown reciprocation of the tappet 398 causesreciprocation of the pressure-producing plunger 402 which in downwardmovement causes a pressure increase within the Sylphon 4I4 to therebyextend said Sylphon to cause a measured amount of fuel to be suppliedfrom chamber 316 through check valve housing 312 and past valve 358,spraying the fuel into the cylinder. Upward movement of the tappet 398permits the spring 364 to'close valve 358 and permits spring 430 to movevalve 432 to closed position. After elimination of vapor or circulationof liquid,the throttle may be so positioned, and the disposition of theother parts such,that the valve 432 will not be operated upon eachstroke, but will be .operated only upon extreme position of thethrottle.

' It will be seen that the liquid pressure within the diaphragm alwaysbalances the liquid pressure on the outside of the diaphragm so thatsubstantially all stresses on the diaphragm are eliminated. Actuation ofthe device, however, will always be permitted and the device will neverfreeze by virtue of too much solid liquid being contained within thebellows (diaphragm), because the liquid will be displaced within thecylinder formed by the extension 4l0 when the plunger 402 moves upwardlywithin said extension, permitting the liquid to be displaced a sufcientamount to permit the seal 4I2 to move to its predetermined position.

In the constructions shown in Figures 7 and 8 wherein oil is disposedwithin the bellows, as the engine attains its heat during operation, theeiective viscosity of the oil decreases so that the quantity of `fuelinjected decreases due to the The screws 444 are adapted to bereciprocated by means of the levers 446 extending through suitableopenings 448 provided in said housings.

The throttle screws are provided with the tapl2 pets 450 mounted f orreciprocation on the throttle screws and being adapted to be operated bymeans of the cams 452 provided on suitable shafts 4'54. The tappets 450are adapted to engage reciprocating aligning tabs 456 provided withinthe end closures 458 (Figure 8) and 460 (Figure l0). The casing isprovided with the chambers 452 communicating through the bores 464 withchambers 466. said chambers 466 communicating through fittings 410 withthe source of liquid supply or other receiving means. Valves 412 areadapted to close the seats 414, being urged towards seated position bymeans of springs 416, seated at one end on said valve and at the otherend on adjusting screws 418.

The valves are provided with the valve stems 480 (similar in shape tothe channel stem 12 Figure 1) extending through the bore 464 and beingadapted to be engaged by the end seals 482 to open said valve. End seals482 are urged away from said valve by means of springs 484 seated at oneend on the seals and at the other end on seats 486 provided within thecasings. `Seals 482 are sealed, at 488 to the Sylphons or bellows 490,the other end of said bellows being sealed at 492 to closures 458 and460, respectively.

Check valve housings 494 communicate with chambers 462 and with a sourceof liquid supply, spring` pressed check valves 496 being seated towardssaid source of supply. Outlet check valve housings or fittings 498communicate with chambers 462 and are provided with spring pressed checkvalves 500 seated toward chambers 462. Housings 498l are connectedthrough pipes 502 either to the injection nozzle 504 (Figure 8) or theinjection nozzle 506 (Figure 9).

The injection nozzle 504 comprises a connection 508 to the pipe 502,connecting means 5I0 being provided for connection to a cylinder ormanifold, the valve 5I2 being disposed therein and being similar tovalve 66, adapted to seat on the seat and oriiice 5l4 of the bushing 5|6and said valve is provided with the The valve 5| 2 is valve stem 5|8similar to the valvestem of valve 66. The valve is urged towards closedposition by means of the spring 520 interposed between the bushing 5|6and the seat 522 provided on said valve stem.

-Where the injection nozzle 506 is used. no valve is provided and suchnozzle is particularly adapted for manifold injection. This nozzler isprovided with connection means 524 to the pipe 502, and connecting means526 for securing the nozzle to the manifold (or cylinder). The pipe 502then is in direct communication with the orifice 528.

In the construction illustrated in Figure 8 the pump casing 438 isapertured as at530, andthe check valve housing or fitting 532 isconnected as by threads 534 to the bore 536 which is in communicationwith the inside of the bellows 490. The spring pressed check valve 538closes away from said bellows and the housing 532 is connected asthrough the pipe 540 to a suitable source of pressure supply, such as alubricating system in an internal combustion engine, whereby liquidunder pressure is always supplied internally of the bellows to balancethe liquid pressure on the outside of said bellows. The displacementplunger 542 is mounted 'for reciprocation in the closure 458 and isprovided with the spring seat 544 for one end of the spring 546, theother end of the spring being seated on the seat 548 provided in arecess in the closure 458. Thus the plunger is always urged towards thealigning tab 456 to follow the movement of the aligning tab, causing adisplacement operation of the plunger 542 controlling actuation ofthebellows.

In the construction illustrated in Figure the actuating rod 558 isadapted to be reciprocated by the aligning tab 456 and one end of saidrod engages and reciprocates the closure 482.

In these mechanisms (Figures 8 and 10) rotation of the shafts 454 causesthe tappets 458 to reciprocate the aligning tabs, causing reciprocationof the plunger 542 and the rod 558, reciprocating the bellows causingliquid to be supplied to the nozzle past the valves 588, liquid andvapor to be circulated being moved past valves 412.

In the case of the construction illustrated in Figure 8 the bellows ismaintained in balanced condition in the same manner as described withrespect to Figure 7.

In order to illustrate diagrammatically the operation of the injectorsin conjunction with air introducing means into the cylinder of aninternal combustion engine, a reference is had to Figure 11, it beingunderstood that in all forms of the device suitableisecuring means isprovided to secure the injectors to the associated cylinder. In theconstruction shown in Figure 11, the cylinder 552 is provided with theinjector 554 suitably secured thereto and operated mechanically or asshown and described in application Serial Number 537,793, filed May 29,k1944, now U. S. Patent No. 2,530,128, dated November ,14, 1950.

In the construction illustrated the injector 554 is controlled byoperation of the rack 556 (similar to rack 2l4, Figure 3), said rackactuating gear 558 (similar to gear 2|2), the rack being connected tosuitable throttle control means through the link 568. Fuel is suppliedto the lnjector from the source of supply through the inlet 562 of theinjector, fuel in excess of that injected being circulated from theoutlet 564 of the injector back to the source, the fuel which isinjected being pumped through the injection nozzle 566 in the mannerdescribed herein. The inlet valve 568 is provided for the cylinder 552and operated in the usual manner (not shown), in this case the valve 568being an air intake valve. Introduction of air is controlled through thebutterfly valve 518 pivoted as at 512 in the inlet 514, the valve beingprovided with the xed lever 516 pivoted as at 518 tothe link 588. Thelink 588 is pivoted at 582 to one arm 584 of the bell crank 586, saidbell crank being pivoted as at 588. The other arm 598 of the bell crankis pivoted as at 592 to the link 568 so that operation of the throttlecontrol means simultaneously operates the injector and the air intakecontrol valve 518 to cause a measured amount of air to be introduced tothe cylinder, past the valve 568 with a proper timed relation to that ofthe injector.

Referring now to the construction illustrated in Figure l2, the airintake 584, similar to air intake 514 (Figure 11). is adapted tosupply'air through a suitable air intake valve to a cylinder of anengine, the flow of air through the intake being controlled by valve 596pivoted on shaft 598, a suitable stop (not shown) being provided fromwhich the valve is opened in the direction of the arrow.

The shaft 596 is connected to one end of the rod 688, the opposite endof the rod being pivotzd as at 682. The rod is rotated in the directionof the arrow by depressing the accelerator 684, which is connectedthrough the flexible member 686 to the rod 688 as at 688. Rack 6|8 isadapted to oe moved toward the left as viewed in said figure to controlthe increased injection from the 14 injector (not shown) the rack beingurged toward throttle or low position by means of the spring 6 I2connected to one end of said rack and fixed at its other end.

The opposite end of said rack is-adjustably connected to the flexiblemember 6|4 which extends over pulley 6|6 and is connected as at 6I8 tothe rod 688.. The flexible member 6I4 extends through'the eye 628 of theadjusting rod 622, suitable mzans such asthe nut 624 being provided tomove the rod 622 linearly to change the position of the flexible member6|4, thereby moving the rack 6|8 to adjust its initial position, itbeing understood, of course, that when the engine is idling, the valve596 is substantially closed.

It will thus be seen that depressing the accelerator 684 causes rotationof the rod 688 to open the valve 596and at the same time move the rack6| 8 to increase the charge of fuel injected into the cylinder of theengine.

In the construction illustrated in Figure 13 th flexible member 626(corresponding to member 6I4) is connected to operating means (notshown) such as. the rack 6I8. The flexible member 626 is connected to asuitable rotatable bar (not shown) such as the bar 688, vcontrolled byan accelerator which in turn controls the air intake control valve (notshown) similar to valve 586 for the air intake. The flexible member 626extends through the eye 628 of the rod 638 adjustably threaded as at 632to the closure 634 of one end of the Sylphon 636. The opposite end ofthe Sylphon 636 is fixed as to the panel 638 and the fitting 648communicates with the inside of the Sylphon and is connected to eitherthe oil pressure or the engine intake vacuum.

Where connected to the oil pressure, it will be seen that as the oilpressure builds up the oil pressureincreases with engine speed to thepredetermimd pressure, the Sylphon 636 will be elongated, causing theflexible member 626 to slacken, which will move the operating rack, orother operating member a predetermined amount to decrease the charge ofthe injector, the rack being disposed to cause this function of theinjector.

Where the fitting 648 is connected to the engine vacuum, as the enginespeed increases the Sylphon will elongate toward normal position,causing the rod 638 to move the rack to decrease the charge of fuel tothereby lean the mixture of fuel and air. In this case it will beunderstood that the rack which controls the injector'is so disposed thatmovement of the rack toward the left, as viewed in Figure 13, increasesthe amount of the charge.

It is, of course, understood that a filter such as shown at 228 (Figure4) may be used in conjunc tion with each of the other modifications andwhere a balanced diaphragm form of construction is used as in Figures 7and 8 the Sylplion may be of any suitable material other than metal,such as hydrocarbon inhibited flexible material.

It is to be understood that I do not wish to be limited by the exactembodiments of the device shown, Which are merely by way of illustrationand not limitation, as various and other forms of the dsvice will, ofcourse,` be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing fromthe spirit of the invention or the scope of the claims. I claim: l. Afuel injector comprising the combination of a pump casing having anelongated fuel receiving chamber, a sealed impeller reciprocable 'insaid chamber, means for supplying fuel to said v chamber, an,outlet fordispensing fuel from said chamber means including another outlet at oneend of said chamber and spaced from said first named outlet forexpelling gases therefrom, and means actuated by said impeller foropening said last named outlet. .Y

2. In an injector, the combination of a'casing, a nozzle member providedon one end of said casing, a valve in said nozzle member resilientlyurged toward closed position, a predetermined pressure in said nozzlemember opening said valve, a valve adjacent said first named valveopening toward said .first named valve, an inlet valve adjacent saidsecond valve opening into said casing, a closure for the end of saidcasingr remote from said nozzle member, an outlet from a memberextending through said closure and movable toward and away from saidseal to pulsate said bellows to cause a measured pumping action thereof,and means for varying the stroke of said last named member.

3. In an injector, the combination of a casing, a nozzle member providedon one end of said casing, a valve in said nozzle member resilientlyurged toward closed position, a predetermined pressure in said nozzlemember opening said valve, an inlet valve opening into said casing, aclosure for the end of said casing remote from said nozzle member, anoutlet from said casing adjacent the closure end, a valve controllingsaid outlet, resilient means urging said valve to closed position,abellows in said casing closed at one end by said closure and at theother end by a seal, resilient means urging said bellows toward saidclosure whereby no ingress can be had to the inside of said bellows byuid supplied by said inlet valve, a member extending through saidclosure and movable toward and away from said seal to pulsate saidbellows to cause a measured pumping action thereof, and means forvarying the stroke of said last named member.

4. In an injector, the combination of a casing, a nozzle member providedon one end of said casing, a valve in said nozzle member resiliently 16`tion with respect to said bore, said valve having a stem extending intosaid first named chamber,

an outlet from said second named chamber, an 1 outlet from said firstnamed chamber having a spring pressed valve seating toward said chamber,a bellows disposed in said first named chamber sealed at one end by saidclosure and at the other by a seal, said seal being adapted to engagesaid stem when said bellows is elongated to open the valve of said stem,a. connection between the inside of said bellows and a source ofpressure whereby the pressures inwardly and outwardly of said bellowsare substantially equalized, a member, extending through said closureand into said bellows having the end spaced from the seal, reciprocationof said last named member pulsating said bellows, means forreciprocating said last named member, resilent means urging said lastnamed member toward said last named means, and means for adjustingmovement of said last named member. y

6. In an injectonthe combination of a casing having a chamber closed atone end by a closure, a chamber closed at one end and connected to saidiirst named chamber by a bore, a valve in said second chamber urgedtoward closed position with respect to said bore, said valve having astem extending into said first named chamber, an outlet from said secondnamed chamber, an outlet from said rst named chamber having a springpressed valve seating toward said chamber, said last named outlet beingadapted to be connected to a nozzle, a bellows disposed in said urgedtoward closed position, a predetermined pressure in said nozzle memberopening said valve, a valve adjacent said first named valve openingtoward said first named valve, an inlet valve adjacent said second valveopening into said casing, a closure for the end of said casing remotefrom said nozzle member, an outlet from said vcasing adjacent theclosure end, a valvecontrolling said outlet, a bellows in said casingadapted to control operation of said third named valve.

5. In an injector, the combination of a casing having a chamber closedat one end by a closure, a chamber closed at one end and connected tosaid first named chamber by a bore, a valve in said second chamber urgedtowar'd closed posifirst named chamber sealed at one end by said closureand at the other by a seal, said seal being adapted to engage said stemwhen said bellows is elongated to open the valve of said stem, aconnection between the inside of said bellows and a source of pressurewhereby the pressures inwardly andv outwardly of said bellows aresubstantially equalized, a member extending through said closure andintosaid bellows having theend spaced from the seal, reciprocation of saidlast named member pulsating said bellows, means for reciprocating saidlast -named member, resilient means urging said last named memberVtoward said last named means, and means for adjusting movement of saidlast named member, said nozzle comprising a Ahousing having a chambertherein, an -oriiice from'said chamber, and a spring pressed valveopening away from said orifice and controlled by pressure suppliedthereto.

7. An injector comprising a casing, flexible means disposed in saidcasing whereby chambers are formed on each side thereof, said casinghav;- ing an outlet from one of said chambers, said casing having aninlet to the last named chamber, and means operable in the other chamberfor reciprocating said flexible means for causing supply through saidinlet and expulsion through said outlet, and means for supplyingpressure to the second named chamber whereby a substantially balancedcondition is obtained on each side of said vflexible means.

8. In a fuel injector, thev combination of a housing. an end closure forone end of said housing, an end head for securing said end closure tosaid housing, a closure for the other end of said housing having a fueldischarge duct therethrough, a check valve housing secured to said lastnamed closure and forming a discharge chamber therewith, said last namedclosure and check valve housing forming a housing chamber in saidhousing with said first named end closure, a check valve in said checkvalve housing resiliently urged toward closed position and opening awayfrom said housing chamber and toward said discharge chamber, a dischargevalve in said second named closure resiliently urged toward closedposition and opening outwardly of said discharge chamber for controllingflow through said duct from said discharge chamber, a flexible bellowsin said housing chamber having one end sealed to said first named endclosure and having the other end closed, a fuel inlet valve connected tosaid housing resiliently urged toward closed position and openingvtoward said housing chamber to admit fuel thereto, said first named endclosure having a liquid inlet valve connected to the inside of saidbellows for supplying liquid thereto, said liquid inlet valve beingresiliently urged toward closed position and opening toward the insideof said bellows, an outlet having a passage communicating with saidhousing chamber externally of said bellows, a valve for controlling saidlast named outlet, a member slidable in said housing chamber and havingsaid last named valve fixed thereto, resilient means between said lastnamed member and said second named closure urging said last named valveto closed position, resilient means between said second named closureand the closed end of said bellows urging said closed end of saidbellows away from said last named member, a predetermined movement ofsaid closed end of said bellows causing said bellows to move said lastnamed member and valve to open position, aplunger slidably mounted insaid first named end closure and communieating with the inside of saidbellows whereby reciprocatory movement of said plunger causesreciprocation of said bellows, resilient means urging said plunger awayfrom the closed end of said bellows, means for reciprocating saidplunger, and means movable in said end head for regulating the stroke ofsaid plunger.

9. In a fuel injector, the combination of a housing, an end closure foro ne end of said housing, an end head for securing said end closure tosaid housing, an end closure for the othei end of said housing having afuel discharge duct therethrough, a check valve housing secured in saidhousing and forming a discharge chamber with said last named closure,said first named housing having a housing chamber therein between saidclosures, a check valve in said check valve housingy resiliently urgedtoward closed position and opening away from said housing chamber andtoward said discharge chamber, a discharge valve in said second namedclosure rebellows away from said second named end closure member, apredetermined movement of said l lows whereby reciprocatory movement ofsaid.

plunger reciprocates said bellows, resilient means urging said plungeraway from the closed end of said bellows, means for reciprocating saidplunger, and means movable in said end head for regulating the stroke ofsaid plunger.

10. In a fuel injector, the combination of a housing having a housingchamber, an end closure for one end of said housing, an end head for.securing said end closure to said housing, an end closure for the otherend of said housing having a fuel discharge duct therethrough, andhaving a discharge chamber connecting said duct and housing chamber, adischarge valve in said second named closure resiliently urged toward'closed position and opening outwardly of said discharge chamber forcontrolling flow through said duct from ysaid discharge chamber, aflexible bellows in said housing chamber having one end sealed to saidfirst named end closure and having the other end closed, a fuel inletvalve connected to said housing resiliently urged toward closed positionand opening toward said housing chamber to admit fuel thereto, an outlethaving a passage communicating with said housing chamber externally ofsaid bellows, a valve for controlling said last named outlet, said valveopening toward said housing chamber, resilient means urging said lastnamed valve to closed position, resilient means urging said closed endyof said bellows away from said discharge chamber, a predeterminedmovement of said closed end of said bellows causing said bellows to movesaid last named valve to open position, a plunger slid-l ably mounted insaid rst named end closure and communicating with the inside of saidbellows whereby reciprocatory movement of said plunger causesreciprocation of said bellows, means for reciprocating said plunger, andmeans movable in said end head for regulating the stroke of saidplunger.

11. In a fuel injector, the combination of a housing having a housingchamber, an end closure for one end of said housing and housing chamber,said housing being closed at theother end thereof and having a fueldischarge duct therefrom, a valve for closing said discharge duct, saidvalve opening away from said housing chamsiliently urged toward closedposition and Openber and being resiliently urged toward closed poingoutwardly of said discharge chamber for controlling flow through saidduct from said discharge chamber, a flexible bellows in said housingchamber having one end sealed to said first named end closure and havingthe other end closed, a fuel inlet valve connected to said housingresiliently urged toward closed position and opening toward said housingchamber to admit fuel thereto, said first named end closure having aliquid inlet valve connected to the inside of said bellows for supplyingliquid thereto, said liquid inlet valve being resiliently urged towardclosed position and opening toward the inside of said bellows, saidfirst named end closure having,r

an outlet and passage connecting said outlet with 70 said housingchamber, a valve for controlling said last named outlet, said last namedvalve opening toward said housing chamber, resilient means urging saidlast named valve to closed position,

sition, a flexible bellows in said housing chamber having one end sealedto said first named end closure and having the other end closed, a fuelinlet valve connected to said housing resiliently urged toward closedposition and opening toward said housing chamber to admit fuel thereto,said first named end closure having a liquid inlet valve connected tothe inside of said bellows for supplying liquid thereto, said valveopening toward the inside of said bellows, an outlet connected through apassage with said housing chamber externally of said bellows, a Valvefor controlling the passage of fuel from said housing chamber throughsaid passage to said outlet, resilient means urging said last namedvalve to closed position, resilient means between said housing and theclosed end of said bellows urging said closed end of said bellows awayfrom said discharge duct, a predetermined movement of said resilientmeans urging said closed end Qi fd 'l-closedend of said bellowscausingsaid bellows to move said last named valve to open position, aplunger slidably mounted in said end closure and communicating with theinside of said bellows regulating the stroke of said plunger.

12. In a fuel injector, the combination of a Ihousing having a housingchamber, an end closure for one end of said housing and housing chamber,said housing being closed at the other end thereof and having a fueldischarge duct therefrom, a valve for closing said discharge duct, saidvalve opening away from said housing chamber and being resiiiently urgedtoward closed position, a flexible bellows in said housing chamberhaving one end sealed to said first named end closure and having theother end closed, a fuel inlet valve connected to said housingresiiiently urged toward closed position and opening toward said housingchamber to admit fuel thereto, an

outlet connected through a passage with said housing chamber externallyof said bellows, a valve for controlling the passage of fuel from saidhousing chamber through said passage to said outlet, resilient meansurging said last named valve to closed position, resilient meansbetween,

said housing and the closed end of said bellows urging said closed endof said bellows away from said discharge duct. a predetermined movementof said closed end of said bellows causing said sure for one end of saidhousing and housing chamber, said housing being closed at the othei endthereof and having a fuel discharge duct -therefrom, a valve for closingsaid discharge duct,

bellows to move said last named valve to open position, a plungerslidably mounted in said end closure and communicating with the insideof said bellows whereby reciprocatory movement of said plungerreciprocates said bellows, resilient means urgingrsaid plunger away fromthe closed end of said bellows, means for reciprocating said plunger,and means movable with respect to said housing for regulating the strokeof said plunger.

13. In a fuel injector, the combination of a housing having a housingchamber, an end closure for one end of said housing and housing chamber,Said housing being closed at the otherend thereof and having a fueldischarge ductv therefrom, a valve for closing said discharge duct,

i said valve opening away from said housing chamber and beingresiiiently urged toward closed position, a flexible bellows in saidhousing chamber having one end sealed to said first named end closureand having the other end closed, a fuel inlet valve connected to saidhousing resiliently urged toward closed position and opening toward saidhousing chamber to admit fuel thereto, an outlet connected through apassage with said housing chamber externally of said bellows, a valvefor controlling the passage of fuel from said housing chamber throughsaid passage to said outlet, resilient means urging said last namedvalve to closed position, resilient means between said housing and theclosed end of said'bellows urging said closed end of said bellows awayfrom said discharge duct, a predetermined movement of said closed end ofsaid bellows causing said bellows to move said last named valve to openposition, a plunger movable in said end closure and communicating withthe inside of said bellows whereby reciprocatory movement of said bel'-lows is regulated, means for reciprocating said bellows, and meansmovable with respect to said housing for regulating the movement of saidplunger. I

14. In a fuel injector, the combination of a housing having a housingchamber, an end closaid valve opening away from said housing chamber andbeing resiiiently urged toward closed position,'a flexible member insaid housing chamber secured to said housing, a fuel inlet valveconnected to said housing resiiiently urged toward closed position andopening toward said housing chamber to admit fuel thereto, said firstnamed end closure having a fluid inlet to the other side of saidflexible member from the discharge duct for supplying liquid thereto,said valve opening toward the flexible member, an outlet connectedthrough a passage with said housing chamber on the same side of saidflexible member as said discharge duct, a valve for controlling thepassage of fuel from said housing chamber through said passage to saidoutlet, resilient means urging said last named valve to closedposition,l a predetermined movement of said closed end of said flexiblemember causing movement of said last named valve to open position, aplunger slidably mounted in said end closure and communicating with theside of said flexible member opposite to the side to which the fuel issupplied whereby reciprocatory movement of said plunger reciprocatessaid flexible member, means for reciprocating said flexible member, andmeans movable with respect to said housing for regulating the movementof said plunger. n

' l5. In a fuel injector, the combination. of a housing having a housingchamber, an end closure for one end of said housing and housing chamber,said housing being closed at the other end thereof and having a fueldischarge duct therefrom, a valve for closing said discharge duct,

' said valve opening away from said housing chamber and beingresiiiently urged toward closed position, a flexible member in saidhousing chamber secured to said housing, a fuel inlet valve connected tosaid housing resiiiently urged toward closed position and opening towardsaid housing chamber to admit fuel thereto, said first named end closurehaving a fluid inlet to the other side of said flexible member from thedischarge duct for supplying liquid' thereto, said valve opening towardthe flexible member, an outlet connected through a passage with saidhousingchamber on the same side of said exible member as said dischargeduct, a valve for controlling the passage of fuel from said housingchamber through said passage to said outlet, resilient means urging saidlast named valve to closed position, a vpredetermined movement of saidclosed end of said flexible member causingr movement of said last namedvalve to open position, a plunger slidably mounted in said end closureand communicating with the side of said flexible member opposite to theside to which the fuel is supplied whereby reciprocatory movement ofsaid plunger reciprocates said flexible member, resilient means urgingsaid plunger away from said flexible member, means for reciprocatingsaid plunger, and means movable with respect to said housing forregulating the stroke of said plunger.

16. In a fuel injector, the combination of a housing having a housingchamber, an end closure for one end of said housing and housing chamber,said housing being closed at the other end thereof and having adischarge duct therefrom, a valve for closing said discharge duct, saidvalve Opening away from said housing chamber 21 and being resilientlyurged toward closed position, a flexible bellows in said housing chamberhaving one end sealed to said iirst named end closure and having theother end closed, a fuel inlet valve connected to said housingresiliently urged toward closed position and opening toward said housingchamber to admit fuel thereto, said ilrst named end closure having avfluid inlet valve connected to the inside of said bellows for supplyingliquid thereto, said valve opening toward the inside of said bellows, anoutlet connected to a passage communicating with saidhousing chamberadjacent said discharge duct, a valve for controlling said last namedoutlet, a valve stem on said last named valve projecting into saidhousing chamber, resilient means urging said last named valve to closedposition, resilient means urging said closed end of said bellows awayfrom said last named valve, a predetermined movement of said closed endof said bellows causing said bellows to move said valve stem to movesaid last named valve to open position, a plunger slidably mounted insaid end closure and communicating with the inside of said bellowswhereby reciprocatory movement of said plunger reciprocates saidbellows, resilient means urging said plunger away from the closed end ofsaid bellows, means for reciprocating said plunger, and means movable insaid first named closure for regulating the stroke of said plunger.

17. In a fuel injector, the combination of a housing having a housingchamber, an end closure for one end of said housing and housing chamber,said housing being closed at the other end thereof and having adischarge duct therel from, a valve for closing said discharge duct,said valve opening away from said housing chamber and being resilientlyurged toward closed position, a flexible bellows in said housing chamberhaving one end sealed to said first named end closure and having theother end closed, a fuel inlet valve connected Ato said housingresiliently urged toward closed position and opening toward said housingchamber to admit fuel thereto, resilient means urging said closed end ofsaid bellows away from said last named valve, a predetermined movementof said closed end of said bellows causing said bellows to move to opensaid iirst named valve, a plunger slidably mounted in said end closureand communieating with the inside of said bellows whereby reciprocatorymovement of said plunger reciprocates said bellows, resilient meansurging said plunger away from the closed end of said bellows, means forreciprocating said plunger, and means movable in said first namedclosure for regulating the stroke of said plunger.

18. In a fuel injector, the combination of a housing having an endclosure at one end of said housing, said housing having a closure forthe other end of said housing and having a discharge duct therethrough,a check valve housing secured in said iirst named housing and forming adischarge chamber with said last named closure, said first named housinghaving a housing chamber disposed between said check valve housing andsaid first named end closure, a check valve in said check valve housingresiliently urged toward closed position and opening away from saidhousing chamber and toward said discharge chamber, a discharge valve insaid second named closure resiliently urged toward closed position andopening outwardly of said discharge chamber for controlling flow throughsaid duct from said discharge chamber, a flexible bellows in saidhousing chamber having one end. sealed to said lrst named end closureand having the other end closed, an inlet valve connected to saidhousing and opening toward said housing chamber to admit fuel thereto,said valve being resiliently urged toward closed position, an outletconnected to a passage communicating with said housing chamber, a valvefor controlling said last named outlet, resilient means urging said lastnamed valve to closed position, resilient means between said rst namedhousing and the closed end of said bellows urging said closed end ofsaid bellows toward position to permit said last named valve to close, apredetermined movement of said closed end of said bellows causing saidbellows to move to position to open said last named valve, a plungerslidably mounted in said end closure and communicating with the insideof said bellows whereby reciprocatory movement of said plungerreciprocates said bellows, means for reciprocating said plunger, andmeans movable in said iirst named closure for regulating the stroke ofsaid plunger.

19. In a fuel injector, the combination of a housing having an endclosure at one end of said housing, said housing having a closure forthe other end of said housing and having a discharge duct therethrough,said rst named housing having a housing chamber communicating with saidduct, a flexible bellows in said housing chamber having one end sealedto said first named end closure and having the other end closed, aninlet valve connected to Said housing and opening toward said housingchamber to admit fuel thereto, said valve being resiliently urged towardclosed position, an outlet connected to a passage communicating withsaid housing chamber, a valve for controlling said last named outlet,resilient means urging said last named valve to closed position,resilient means urging said closed end of said bellows to position topermit said last named valve to close, a predetermined movement of saidclosed end of said bellows causing said bellows to move to position toopen said valve, a plunger slidably mounted in said end closure andcommunicating with the inside of said bellows whereby reciprocatorymovement of said plunger reciprocates said bellows, means forreciprocating said plunger, and means movable in said first namedclosure for regulating the stroke of said plunger.

20. In a fuel injector, the combination of a housing having an endclosure at one end of said housing, said housing having a closure forthe other end of said housing having a discharge duct therethrough, saidhousing having a housing chamber communicating with said duct, adischarge valve in said second named closure resiliently urged towardclosed position and opening outwardly of said discharge chamber forcontrolling ow through said duct from said discharge chamber, a iiexiblebellows in said housing chamber having one end sealed to said rst namedend closure and having the other end closed, an inlet valve connected tosaid housing and opening toward said housing chamber to admit fuelthereto, said valve being resiliently urged toward closed position, anoutlet connected to a passage communicating with said housing chamber, avalve for controlling said last named outlet, resilient means urgingsaid last named valve to closed position, resilient means urging saidclosed end of said bellows to position to permit said last named valveto close, a predetermined movement of said closed end of said bellowscausing said bellows to move to open said last named valve, means forreciprocating said bellows, and means movable in said rst named closurefor regulating the stroke l of said bellows.

21. In a fuel injector, the combination of a housing having an endclosure at one end of said housing, said housing having a closure forthe other end of said housing having a discharge duct therethrough, aflexible member secured in said housing and having one surface defininga housing chamber in said housing, said housing chamber communicatingwith said duct, a discharge valve in said second named closureresiliently urged toward closed position and opening outwardly of saidhousing for controlling ow through said duct from said housing chamber,an inlet valve connected to said housing and opening toward said housingchamber to admit fuel thereto and to said surface of said ilexiblemember, said valve being resiliently urged toward closed position, anoutlet connected to a passage communieating with said housing chamber,means disposed at the other surface of said exible member forreciprocating said flexible member rcausing reciprocations of saidexible member with respect to said duct, and means movable to regulatethe stroke of said last named means.

WTLLIAM H. MASHINTER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the me ofthis patent:

Number UNITED STATES vPATENTS Name Date Leroy May 15, 1923 Larkin Oct.28, 1924 Metcalf Mar. 16, 1926 Dorsey Apr. 5, 1927 Nixon Nov. 22, 1927Salisbury Apr. 5, 1932 Lang Oct. 25, 1932 Ritz Jan. 23, 1934 Scott Oct.9, 1934 Fielden Nov. 27, 1934 y Junkers Sept. 3, 1935 Eek Oct.A 1, 1935Babitch Oct. 22, 1935 Edwards Mar. 24, 1936 Scott July 7, 1936 Goode etal Aug. 24, 1937 Boyd Feb. 1, 193s Dillstrom Feb. 21, 1939 MennessonMar. 7, 1939 Fields Nov. 21, 1939 Rymal Feb. 27, 1940 Purdy et al. Mar.5, 1940 Alden Sept. 17, 1940 Buttle` Nov. 12, 1940 Evans Oct. 20, 1942

